Reinforced-concrete lining for mine-shafts and method of the manufacture thereof.



C. SCHOLZ.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 14, 1911.

Patented 00b. 24, 191 1.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N ill 1 COLUMBIA mnouaurl co.. WASHINGTUN. n. c.

nnmroncnn CONCRETE LINING FOR MINE sun's AND METHOD or THE MANUFACTURE THEE-BOP.

G. SGHOLZ. REINFORGED CONCRETE LININ G FOR MIN E SHAFTS AND METHOD OF THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 14, 1911.

1,006,799. Patentd Oct. 24, 1911.

3 BEETS-SHEBTZ.

coLuMnu PLANOORAPH 60.. WASHINGTON. n. c

G. SCHOLZ. REINFORCED CONCRETE LINING FOR MINE SHAFTS AND METHOD OF THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF APPLICATION FILED JULY 14, 1911.

Patented Oct. 24, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

L'OLUMRM I'LAHOGRAIH C0,. WASHINGTON. D, c,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL SCHOLZ, F CHIGAGO, ILLINOIS.

REINFORCED-CONCRETE LINING FOR MINE-SHAFTS AND METHOD OF THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 14, 1911.

Patented Oct. 24, 1911. Serial No. 638,567.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CARL 803011, a citizen of the United. States, and a resident of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reinforced-Concrete Linings for Mine-Shafts and Methods of Manufacture Thereof, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates to the construction and lining of mine shafts and seeks to provide an improved method of constructing and lining the shaft and an improved fireproof construction of reinforced concrete lining which is suited to the needs of any emergency that may arise in sinking the shaft, which is of sufficient strength at all points to withstand the ressure thereon, and by which safety, rapidity and economy in sinking and lining the shaft is effected.

The invention consists in the features of novelty hereinafter set forth, illustrated in their preferred embodiment in the accompanying drawings and more particularly pointed out in the a pended claimsf A concrete lining or mine shafts has many advantages particularl in coal mines. It is strong and prevents t e shaft from caving in, and it is durable and fire-proof, but heretofore such linings have only been constructed with difiiculty and at lar e expense. A concrete lining for mine sha ts is now usually constructed by molding successive ring portions at the surface and sinking the linmg by excavating beneath it. This method is slow and expensive and difficult to carry out. For example, if solid rock is penetrated, the blasting is apt to shatter the lower portion of the lining. It is also difli- :ult to keep the heavy shaft lining plumb LS it is sunk through different strata and for this reason there is a limit to the depth )f-such a shaft lining. It is also diificult to place the cage guides in position, since these nust be put in after the shaft is sunk and, with this method, it is not possible to secure good contact between the linin and the rides of the shaft. A concrete ining has tlSO been formed in a continuous body about he shaft, the same being molded in permaient position as the shaft is sunk. This nethod necessitates the construction of large elf sustaining molds within the mine shafts,

head rame at the up and a large amount of lumber is re uired for the molds and for the false-worr for sustaining the molds in position during the construction of the shaft and its lining.

In accordance with the resent invention, a skeleton frame is laced within the shaft as it is sunk. This rame comprises a number of vertical structural metal beams (preferably I-beams) each of which is formed of convenient lengths connected together and which are arranged within the shaft with the webs thereof substantially perpendicular to the sides of the shafts. The vertical beams are connected at intervals by horizontal curved space bars which are secured to the outer flanges of the I-beams. The skeleton, frame is supported from the sides of the shift as it is sunk by a head frame or anchor ofconcrete at the upper end of the shaft and by projecting plates secured to the vertical beams. If necessary, the sides of the shaft are prevented from caving as the shaft is sunk 1n by wooden lagging held in place between the connecting space bars and the shaft sides. This frame also carries the cage ides which are placed in position with t e frame work.

When the shaft is sunk to the desired depth, the concrete lining is molded u on the skeleton frame commencing at the ottom and workin toward the top. The process of molding the concrete lining is effected by using a series of wooden panels which are held in position against the inner flanges of the vertical beams and the space between the panels and the sides of the shaft is filled with concrete. In this way, the concrete lining is formed in a series of arches or sections which extend between the vertical beams and which embed the horizontal connecting space bars. By molding the concrete in position progresslvely from the bottom up, the process of plumbing and linin the shaft is much simplified and rendere most economical.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a cross-section of the improved construction taken on the line 11 of Fig. 2. Fi 2'is a vertical section on the line 22 of ig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a detail section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1. Fi 4 is a plan view of the su porting or end of the shaft. Fig. 5 is a section on t e line 55 of Fig. 4.

g woman The shaft is referably four-sided, as to the beams a, by angle oil a which are shown, but the as are of curved or arch bolted to the lower flanges og the I-beams a form. Thi.-; form combines the advantages nd to the outer flanges of th ve ti l beams oflmth thc rccten zlur and thecircular or a. The I-becms c are arranged with their 5 clhphoal shaft. T at is to sag, the economy webs in vertical lanca. To increase the 70 in space and in excavators 0 the rectangustrmgth of cach cl nato hunting a smaller lar shaft is mainta ned lie the arch form I-bcam c is secured to its upper ilango, the of the concrete lining is well adapted to reweb of the smaller Lbeam being arranged in met the rcssurc thereon as in a. circular or horizontal position. At th. I: per centr 19 elliptica shaft. This shape also rovides portions of the other beams c, c 011; I-beem ample clearance for theyages an leaves secti s 8' are secured and the inner guides spaces in addition for pipes, cables and a for the cages, which are preferably n tho ladder-way. form of T-rnils f, are fastened to the flanges In the preferred construction set forth, of the I'bcams a and c. Thoouler guide 15 oil ht vertical I-beams a and a" are employed. rails f for the cages are secured to the inner a0 less beams are arran ed adjacent to the flanges ofasenes of short I-bcam sections f walls of the shaft with t e webs there f subthese I'bcam sections being in turn secured stantially perpcndicular thereto. The four to the inner flan of the center vertical I-beams a are arranged at the corners and beams a, of the s orter sides of the shaft.

2:: the other I-beams a. are located at the can- The parts of this skeleton frame are out to 85 cars of the shaft sides. These beams are proper len hr. and the holes for the rivets formed in convenient lengths of say fifteen and bolts ormed therein before the are feet each and these lengths are progress vely placed in the mine shaft, so that the rams installed within the shaft as the material l8 can be uickly placed within the shaft b 2!, excavated therefrom. The separate sections unsklllct. labor, and the sides of the elm. 90

t sides of of each Lbeam are connected together, as by prevented from caving in by the wooden lagmeans of suitable fishqalatcs a and the sap-. ging which 15 held in place by the skeleton arnto beams are connected together at interframe. v T vals by horizontal space bars b which are Ordinarily, the shaft will be sunk tc tho on connected to the outer flanges of the I-beams desired depth before the concrete is placcdfiti aJ-and a by gusset plates b. The beams in position. This is done commencing atvtho c and a and the connccting space bars bottom and working toward the top of the are bolted together and the skeleton frame is shaft by the use of a set of molding pan further supported in position b projectin which extendbetwccn the vertical beam 4* 85 brackets or angle pieces a whic ore bolts and a of the skeleton frame and are held 10 or riveted to the outer flanges of the I-beams against the outer flanges thereof by turnc and a and rest upon tho rock strata surbuckles or adjusting screws. The uncle, of rounding the excavation. If ary, the course are curved to conform to t 0 curvewalls of the shaft are prevents from caving ture oi the linin sections between the verti- 40 in as it is sunk by a wooden logging consistcal beams a nun c' and when the'pancls are 11 ing of boards :1 placed in vertical position laced in osition, the concrete isupoured between the horizontal angle bars 6 and the into place etween the panels and a side sides of the shaft. The boards of this lagwalls of the shaft, thus forming arches ing are preferably spaced apart, as shown. which extend between the I-beams 0 end a I lhe framework is also supported by a. head and m which the horizontal cross-bars b 1 frame or anchor oompriszraig connected chan-' are embedded. The wood legging may bar nel bare c and c moun upon a. foundamoved or left in position, as desired and if tion a" preferably formed of concrete. The left in pos1t1on,.w:ll also bo embedded by the concreted foundation is molded in position concrete. If it is further noocssary to about the upper end of the shaft and the strengthen the concrcte, thc horizontal. conchannel bars placed thereon with their nectin bars b are provided with holes flan cs outtnrned. The bars 0 form a rccreceiving reinforcing rods 6'. The size and tang lo and the bars 0' extend diagonally spacin of these rods and the me of the across the corners of the rectangle. These angle ars will do and upon the ma bars are connected by gusset plates 0 and which is pan'etret by the shaft. p

- the I-bcams a and c" l yonnected at then The arched concrete lining is molded m upper ends to the inner of these bars as horizontal portions one above the other, but

-hown. it will only be necessary to employ three or 41 r f d 6 h two of the four sets of the sectional mol s or pends,-

h ft i 50m r than since b the time the third or fourth portionth th two id d th -ting. center of the w ng is completed, the poncho! boom 0' of the longer s'dos are odi' w d r P PP II firmed be N big}; f ho i m1 b ti g g prefcrused again. The amount of in y in the form of I-bcams. heee honlumber necessary inconstruct zontcl I-beams are connected at their ends 18 therefore small. ldortnnnnnoon-199 molds or panels which are held in place can be readily set in position against the inner flanges of the vertical beams a and a. and the use of large self-sustaining molds is avoided. Furthermore, the skeleton frame can be shifted to some extent as the concrete linin is built up in successive portions from the ottom of the shaft and the proper plumbing of the shaft lining can be readily effected. The buntings and guide rails for the cages g are rigidly sustained from the skeleton frame-work and space is left at the side of the cage ways for pipes, cables and for a ladder k which is secured to the cross buntings.

While the shaft is ordinarily sunk to the desired depth before the concrete lining is formed, parts of the linin can be placed in position as the shaft is sun in case the shaft passes through nick sand or water, or in case the sides the shaft are subject to great pressure. In such cases, the concrete lining can be placed in position in individual rings or portions, as required. Preferably, also, the upper faces of the horizontal I-beams e and e are filled with concrete so that water will drain therefrom. The short I -beam spacers f are also preferably embedded in concrete to insure rigidity.

The improved method and construction affords safety, rapidity and economy in sinking and lining the shaft and perfect contact can be secured between the lining and the sides of the shaft. Furthermore, the use of self-sustaining forms molding the concrete lining 1s avoided and the combination of the skeleton steql frame works and the sectional concrete arches between the vertical beams of the frame Work provides a linin of great strength and which is absolutely reroof. It should be noted that the vertical ams a and a form the bases for the s.eries of arch sections of the lining and 268,011 concrete arch section is self-sustained. :This arrangement overcomes the objection of cracking which is apt to take place in a continuous lining extending entirely about the shaft.

It is obvious that changes may be made in the details set forth without departure from the essentials of the invention as defined in the claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. A reinforced concrete lining for mine shafts comprisin a skeleton frame formed of a series of vertical, structural metal beams having their webs substantial] perpendicular to the sides of the shaft an curved horizontal space bars connecting said vertical beams and a concrete lining formed about the sides of the shaft in arch-sections that extend between said vertical beams and embed said connecting space bars, substantially as described.

2. A reinforced concrete lining for su orting bracke "and w, t j

shafts comprising a skeleton frame formed of a series of vertical. I-beams having their webs substantially, perpendicular to the sides of the shaft and curved, horizontal space bars connecting said vertical beams, projecting supporting brackets and transverse buntings connected to said frame and a concrete lining formed about the sides of the shaft in arch-sections that extend between said vertical'beams and embed said horizontal space bars, substantially as described.

3. A reinforced concrete lining for mine shafts comprising a skeleton frame formed of a series of vertical, structural metal beams having their webs substantially erpendicular to the sides of the shaft and outwardly curved, horizontal space bars connected to the outer flanges of said vertical beams and adapted to ho d lagging in place against the sides of the shaft, and a concrete lining formed about the sides of the shaft in archsections that extend between said vertical beams and embed said horizontal space bars, substantially as described.

4. A reinforced concrete lining for mine shafts comprising a skeleton frame formed of a series of vertical I-beams having their webs substantially perpendicular to the sides of the shaft, and outwardly curved, horizont a l space bars connecting said vertical beams, projecting supporting brackets and cross buntings secured to 331d. vertical beams, cage guide rails secured to said buntings and to certain of said beams, vertical reinforcing rods extending through said horizontal space bars, and a concrete lining formed about the sides of the shaft in arch sections that extend between said vertical beams and embed said connecting space bars and said reinforcing rods, substantially as described.

5. A reinforced concrete lining for mine shafts comprising a head frame a skeleton frame supported therefrom and of vertical, structura metal beams having their webs substantially erpendicular to the sides of the shaft, and orizontal space bars connecting said vertical beams, projecting supportmg brackets and cross buntings secured to said beams and a concrete lining formed about the sides of the shaft in sections that extend between said vertical beams and embed said connecting space bars, substantially as described.

6. A reinforcing concrete lining for'mine shafts comprising a skeleton frameformed of a series of verticalI-beams having their webs substantially perpendicular to the sides of the shaft and horizontal s ace bars connected to the outer fla es 0 said vertical beams and ads ted to li cfid lagging in place against the si es of the shaft, projecting cross buntings sea. i guide milsoncured space bars brackets secured to said frame an &

to said buntings and certain of said beams, and a concrete lining formed about the sides of the shaft in sections that extend between said vertical beams and embed said horizontal space bars, substantiallv as described.

7. A reinforced concrete lining for mine shafts comprising a skeleton frame formed of a series of vertical, structural metal beamshaving their -webs substantially perpendicular to the sides of the shaft and horizontal space bars connecting said vertical beams, reinforcing rods extending through said horizontal space bars, projecting supporting a concrete lining formed about the sides of the shaft in sections that extend between said vertical beams and embed said connecting space bars, and said reinforcing rods, substantially as described.

8. A reinforced concrete lining for mine shafts comprising vertical I-beams arranged at the corners and at the centers of the sides of the mine shaft and outwardly curved,

horizontal space bars connected to the outer flanges of said I-beams, outwardly projecting supporting brackets secured to said frame, cross buntings secured to the central I-beams at two opposite sides of the shaft, cage guide rails secured to said buntings and to the central I-beams at the other sides of the shaft, and a concrete lining formed about the sides of the shaft in arch-sections that extend between said vertical beams and embed said connecting space bars, substantially as described.

9. The method of forming re' forced con crete linings for mine shafts w ich consists in erectin within the shaft as it is excavated a s eleton frame formed of vertical beams and curved horizontal space bars, interposin lagging between said frame and the sides 0 the shaft and buildin up a concrete lining against the sides 0 the shaft and in arc -sections between said vertical beams and about said space bars, substaritially as described. 7

10. A reinforced concrete column for mine shafts comprising a head frame, a skeleton frame supported therefrom andformed of vertical, structural metal beams having their webs arranged in planes extending inwardly toward the central portion of the shaft and connectlng said vertical beams, and a concrete lini-g formed against the space bars interposinlag between said frame End t sides of the shaft in sections that extendbetween'said vertical beams and embed said I tomes c; i night my be nestl s m ncomes connecting space bars, substantially as described.

11. A reinforced concrete lining for mine shafts comprisin a skeleton frame, formed of a series of vertical, structural metal beams having their webs arranged in planes extending inwardl toward the central portion of the shaft an space bars connecting said vertical beamsand ada ted to hold lagging in place against the si es of the shaft, an a concrete lining formed a ainst the sides of the shaft in arch-like sections that extend between said vertical beams and embed said connecting space bars, substantially as described.

12. A reinforced concrete lining for mine shafts comprising a skeleton frame formed of a series of vertical, structural metal beams having their webs arranged in planes extending inwardly toward the central portion of the shaft an space bars connecting said vertical beams, outwardly projecting supporting brackets secured to said frame, and a concrete lining formed against the sides of the shaft in arch-like sections that extend between said vertical beams and embed said connecting space bars, substantially as described.

13. A reinforced concrete lining for mine shafts comprising a skeleton frame formed of a series of vertlcal, structural metal beams having their webs arranged in planes extending inwardly toward the central portion of the shaft and space bars connecting said vertical beams, transverse buntings connected to certain of said vertical beams, and a concrete lining formed against the sides of the shaft in sections that extend between said vertical beams and embed said connecting space bars, substantially as described.

14. The method of forming reinforced concrete linings for mine shafts which con sists in erecting and supporting within the shaft as it is excavated a skeleton frame formed of vertical beams and connectin ing as require c 'sides of the shaft, and building up a concrete lining against the sides of the shaft in sections that extend between said vertical beams and embed said connecting space bars, substantially as described.

CARL SCHOLZ. Witnesses:

HARRY L. Omrr, KATHARINE Gannon.

ve'ee its each, by addressing. the Oommiasioner o! Batents, Van a u. i f n. J"! I 

